Paradise and Hell in the Perspective of Correct Islamic Creed: A Refutation of Denials of Their Creation and Eternity

Abstract

This study explores the sound creed of Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama‘ah regarding Paradise and Hellfire, focusing on their creation and eternal nature. It highlights the theological foundations derived from the Qur’an and authentic Sunnah, contrasting them with the interpretations of various deviant sects throughout Islamic history. The research emphasizes that both Paradise and Hell are already created and exist, and that they are eternal abodes, supported by detailed scriptural evidence and the consensus of early scholars (salaf). The study refutes the claims of groups like the Mu‘tazilah and Jahmiyyah who denied the current existence or eternity of Paradise and Hell, often relying on misinterpretations or philosophical reasoning. Special attention is given to the opinion attributed to Ibn Taymiyyah regarding the potential end of Hellfire, clarifying that it does not reflect consensus and remains a minority view. The research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology, presenting theological arguments in the context of traditional texts and scholarly interpretations. The paper contributes to the preservation and dissemination of orthodox Islamic belief, counters modern theological confusions, and provides practical recommendations for faith-based education. It concludes that affirming the eternal and presently existing nature of Paradise and Hell is essential to Islamic creed and promotes stability in religious thought and practice.