Paradise and Hell in the Perspective of Correct Islamic Creed: A Refutation of Denials of Their Creation and Eternity

Abstract

This research addresses the belief of Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jamā’ah regarding the creation and eternity of Paradise and Hell, affirming that faith in the unseen—including belief in the existence of Paradise and Hell—is a foundational principle of Islamic creed. The study refutes the views of sects such as the Mu‘tazila, which denied the present existence or eternal nature of God based on rational interpretations divorced from revelation. Relying on definitive evidence from the Qur’an, authentic Sunnah, and statements of the righteous predecessors, the research demonstrates that Paradise and Hell have already been created and will never cease to exist. It also discusses and dismantles the main doubts raised by the opponents and highlights the weakness of the narrations they rely on. The research explores Ibn Taymiyyah's opinion on the possible end of Hell, clarifying that if he inclined toward it, it was a personal ijtihād that does not undermine his scholarly status. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, the study aims to uphold correct Islamic beliefs and refute doctrinal deviations. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of instilling this creed in Muslims, warning against corrupt ideologies, and encouraging believers to strive for Paradise and avoid Hell by adhering to the Qur’an and Sunnah with a combination of hope and fear.